Initial commit of 001code-html Scratch frontend project.

Includes scratch-gui, scratch-vm, scratch-blocks, scratch-render, scratch-l10n, and deployment config.

Co-authored-by: Cursor <cursoragent@cursor.com>

scratch-l10n/scripts/build-data.js

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+
+/*
+Generates locales/<component>-msgs.js for each component (gui, etc) from  the
+current translation files for each language for that component
+
+Translation files are expected to be in Chrome i18n json format:
+'''
+{
+    "message.id": {
+        "message": "The translated text",
+        "description": "Tips for translators"
+    },
+    ...
+}
+'''
+They are named by locale, for example: 'fr.json' or 'zh-cn.json'
+
+Converts the collection of translation files to a single set of messages.
+Example output:
+'''
+{
+  "en": {
+    "action.addBackdrop": "Add Backdrop",
+    "action.addCostume": "Add Costume",
+    "action.recordSound": "Record Sound",
+    "action.addSound": "Add Sound"
+  },
+  "fr": {
+    "action.addSound": "Ajouter Son",
+    "action.addCostume": "Ajouter Costume",
+    "action.addBackdrop": "Ajouter Arrière-plan",
+    "action.recordSound": "Enregistrement du Son"
+  }
+}
+'''
+NOTE: blocks messages are plain key-value JSON files
+
+Missing locales are ignored, react-intl will use the default messages for them.
+ */
+import * as fs from 'fs';
+import * as path from 'path';
+import {sync as mkdirpSync} from 'mkdirp';
+import defaultsDeep from 'lodash.defaultsdeep';
+import locales from '../src/supported-locales.js';
+import allUsedIds from './tw-all-used-ids.json';
+
+const MSGS_DIR = './locales/';
+mkdirpSync(MSGS_DIR);
+let missingLocales = [];
+
+const combineJson = (component) => {
+    return Object.keys(locales).reduce((collection, lang) => {
+        try {
+            let langData = JSON.parse(
+                fs.readFileSync(path.resolve('editor', component, lang + '.json'), 'utf8')
+            );
+            // TW: Remove messages that we don't use.
+            for (const key of Object.keys(langData)) {
+                if (!allUsedIds.includes(key)) {
+                    delete langData[key];
+                }
+            }
+            collection[lang] = langData;
+        } catch (e) {
+            missingLocales.push(component + ':' + lang + '\n');
+        }
+        return collection;
+    }, {});
+};
+
+// generate the blocks messages: files are plain key-value JSON
+let blocksMessages = combineJson('blocks');
+let blockData =
+    '// GENERATED FILE:\n' +
+    'export default ' +
+    JSON.stringify(blocksMessages, null, 2) +
+    ';\n';
+
+fs.writeFileSync(MSGS_DIR + 'blocks-msgs.js', blockData);
+
+// generate messages for gui components - all files are plain key-value JSON
+let components = ['interface', 'extensions', 'paint-editor'];
+let editorMsgs = {};
+components.forEach((component) => {
+    let messages = combineJson(component);
+    let data =
+        '// GENERATED FILE:\n' +
+        'export default ' +
+        JSON.stringify(messages, null, 2) +
+        ';\n';
+    fs.writeFileSync(MSGS_DIR + component + '-msgs.js', data);
+    defaultsDeep(editorMsgs, messages);
+});
+
+// generate combined editor-msgs file
+let editorData =
+    '// GENERATED FILE:\n' +
+    'export default ' +
+    JSON.stringify(editorMsgs, null, 2) +
+    ';\n';
+fs.writeFileSync(MSGS_DIR + 'editor-msgs.js', editorData);
+
+if (missingLocales.length > 0) {
+    process.stdout.write('missing locales:\n' + missingLocales.toString());
+    process.exit(1);
+}

scratch-l10n/scripts/build-i18n-src.js

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+const glob = require('glob');
+const path = require('path');
+const mkdirp = require('mkdirp');
+
+var args = process.argv.slice(2);
+
+if (!args.length) {
+    process.stdout.write('You must specify the messages dir generated by babel-plugin-react-intl.\n');
+    process.exit(1);
+}
+
+const MESSAGES_PATTERN = args.shift() + '/**/*.json';
+
+if (!args.length) {
+    process.stdout.write('A destination directory must be specified.\n');
+    process.exit(1);
+}
+
+const LANG_DIR = args.shift();
+
+// Aggregates the default messages that were extracted from the example app's
+// React components via the React Intl Babel plugin. An error will be thrown if
+// there are messages in different components that use the same `id`. The result
+// is a chromei18n format collection of `id: {message: defaultMessage,
+// description: description}` pairs for the app's default locale.
+let defaultMessages = glob.sync(MESSAGES_PATTERN)
+    .map((filename) => fs.readFileSync(filename, 'utf8'))
+    .map((file) => JSON.parse(file))
+    .reduce((collection, descriptors) => {
+        descriptors.forEach(({id, defaultMessage, description}) => {
+            if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(collection, id)) {
+                throw new Error(`Duplicate message id: ${id}`);
+            }
+
+            collection[id] = {message: defaultMessage, description: description};
+        });
+
+        return collection;
+    }, {});
+
+mkdirp.sync(LANG_DIR);
+fs.writeFileSync(path.join(LANG_DIR, 'en.json'), JSON.stringify(defaultMessages, null, 2));

scratch-l10n/scripts/freshdesk-api.js

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+// interface to FreshDesk Solutions (knowledge base) api
+
+const fetch = require('node-fetch');
+class FreshdeskApi {
+
+    constructor (baseUrl, apiKey) {
+        this.baseUrl = baseUrl;
+        this._auth = 'Basic ' + new Buffer(`${apiKey}:X`).toString('base64');
+        this.defaultHeaders = {
+            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+            'Authorization': this._auth
+        };
+        this.rateLimited = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks the status of a response. If status is not ok, or the body is not json raise exception
+     * @param {object} res The response object
+     * @returns {object} the response if it is ok
+     */
+    checkStatus (res) {
+        if (res.ok) {
+            if (res.headers.get('content-type').indexOf('application/json') !== -1) {
+                return res;
+            }
+            throw new Error(`response not json: ${res.headers.get('content-type')}`);
+        }
+        let err = new Error(`response ${res.statusText}`);
+        err.code = res.status;
+        if (res.status === 429) {
+            err.retryAfter = res.headers.get('Retry-After');
+        }
+        throw err;
+    }
+
+    listCategories () {
+        return fetch(`${this.baseUrl}/api/v2/solutions/categories`, {headers: this.defaultHeaders})
+            .then(this.checkStatus)
+            .then(res => res.json());
+    }
+
+    listFolders (category) {
+        return fetch(
+            `${this.baseUrl}/api/v2/solutions/categories/${category.id}/folders`,
+            {headers: this.defaultHeaders})
+            .then(this.checkStatus)
+            .then(res => res.json());
+    }
+
+    listArticles (folder) {
+        return fetch(
+            `${this.baseUrl}/api/v2/solutions/folders/${folder.id}/articles`,
+            {headers: this.defaultHeaders})
+            .then(this.checkStatus)
+            .then(res => res.json());
+    }
+
+    updateCategoryTranslation (id, locale, body) {
+        if (this.rateLimited) {
+            process.stdout.write(`Rate limited, skipping id: ${id} for ${locale}\n`);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        return fetch(
+            `${this.baseUrl}/api/v2/solutions/categories/${id}/${locale}`,
+            {
+                method: 'put',
+                body: JSON.stringify(body),
+                headers: this.defaultHeaders
+            })
+            .then(this.checkStatus)
+            .then(res => res.json())
+            .catch((err) => {
+                if (err.code === 404) {
+                    // not found, try create instead
+                    return fetch(
+                        `${this.baseUrl}/api/v2/solutions/categories/${id}/${locale}`,
+                        {
+                            method: 'post',
+                            body: JSON.stringify(body),
+                            headers: this.defaultHeaders
+                        })
+                        .then(this.checkStatus)
+                        .then(res => res.json());
+                }
+                if (err.code === 429) {
+                    this.rateLimited = true;
+                }
+                process.stdout.write(`Error processing id ${id} for locale ${locale}: ${err.message}\n`);
+                throw err;
+            });
+    }
+
+    updateFolderTranslation (id, locale, body) {
+        if (this.rateLimited) {
+            process.stdout.write(`Rate limited, skipping id: ${id} for ${locale}\n`);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        return fetch(
+            `${this.baseUrl}/api/v2/solutions/folders/${id}/${locale}`,
+            {
+                method: 'put',
+                body: JSON.stringify(body),
+                headers: this.defaultHeaders
+            })
+            .then(this.checkStatus)
+            .then(res => res.json())
+            .catch((err) => {
+                if (err.code === 404) {
+                    // not found, try create instead
+                    return fetch(
+                        `${this.baseUrl}/api/v2/solutions/folders/${id}/${locale}`,
+                        {
+                            method: 'post',
+                            body: JSON.stringify(body),
+                            headers: this.defaultHeaders
+                        })
+                        .then(this.checkStatus)
+                        .then(res => res.json());
+                }
+                if (err.code === 429) {
+                    this.rateLimited = true;
+                }
+                process.stdout.write(`Error processing id ${id} for locale ${locale}: ${err.message}\n`);
+                throw err;
+            });
+    }
+
+    updateArticleTranslation (id, locale, body) {
+        if (this.rateLimited) {
+            process.stdout.write(`Rate limited, skipping id: ${id} for ${locale}\n`);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        return fetch(
+            `${this.baseUrl}/api/v2/solutions/articles/${id}/${locale}`,
+            {
+                method: 'put',
+                body: JSON.stringify(body),
+                headers: this.defaultHeaders
+            })
+            .then(this.checkStatus)
+            .then(res => res.json())
+            .catch((err) => {
+                if (err.code === 404) {
+                    // not found, try create instead
+                    return fetch(
+                        `${this.baseUrl}/api/v2/solutions/articles/${id}/${locale}`,
+                        {
+                            method: 'post',
+                            body: JSON.stringify(body),
+                            headers: this.defaultHeaders
+                        })
+                        .then(this.checkStatus)
+                        .then(res => res.json());
+                }
+                if (err.code === 429) {
+                    this.rateLimited = true;
+                }
+                process.stdout.write(`Error processing id ${id} for locale ${locale}: ${err.message}\n`);
+                throw err;
+            });
+    }
+}
+
+module.exports = FreshdeskApi;

scratch-l10n/scripts/help-utils.js

@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview
+ * Helper functions for syncing Freshdesk knowledge base articles with Transifex
+ */
+
+const FreshdeskApi = require('./freshdesk-api.js');
+const fs = require('fs');
+const fsPromises = fs.promises;
+const mkdirp = require('mkdirp');
+const {txPull, txResourcesObjects, txAvailableLanguages} = require('../lib/transifex.js');
+
+const FD = new FreshdeskApi('https://mitscratch.freshdesk.com', process.env.FRESHDESK_TOKEN);
+const TX_PROJECT = 'scratch-help';
+
+const freshdeskLocale = locale => {
+    // map between Transifex locale and Freshdesk. Two letter codes are usually fine
+    const localeMap = {
+        'es_419': 'es-LA',
+        'ja': 'ja-JP',
+        'ja-Hira': 'ja-JP',
+        'lv': 'lv-LV',
+        'nb': 'nb-NO',
+        'nn': 'nb-NO',
+        'pt': 'pt-PT',
+        'pt_BR': 'pt-BR',
+        'ru': 'ru-RU',
+        'sv': 'sv-SE',
+        'zh_CN': 'zh-CN',
+        'zh_TW': 'zh-TW'
+    };
+    return localeMap[locale] || locale;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Pull metadata from Transifex for the scratch-help project
+ * @return {Promise} results array containing:
+ *                      languages: array of supported languages
+ *                      folders: array of tx resources corrsponding to Freshdesk folders
+ *                      names: array of tx resources corresponding to the Freshdesk metadata
+ */
+exports.getInputs = async () => {
+    const resources = await txResourcesObjects(TX_PROJECT);
+    const languages = await txAvailableLanguages(TX_PROJECT);
+    // there are three types of resources differentiated by the file type
+    const folders = resources.filter(resource => resource.i18n_type === 'STRUCTURED_JSON');
+    const names = resources.filter(resource => resource.i18n_type === 'KEYVALUEJSON');
+    // ignore the yaml type because it's not possible to update via API
+
+    return Promise.all([languages, folders, names]); // eslint-disable-line no-undef
+};
+
+/**
+ * internal function to serialize saving category and folder name translations to avoid Freshdesk rate limit
+ * @param  {[type]}  json     [description]
+ * @param  {[type]}  resource [description]
+ * @param  {[type]}  locale   [description]
+ * @return {Promise}          [description]
+ */
+const serializeNameSave = async (json, resource, locale) => {
+    for (let [key, value] of Object.entries(json)) {
+        // key is of the form <name>_<id>
+        const words = key.split('_');
+        const id = words[words.length - 1];
+        let status = 0;
+        if (resource.name === 'categoryNames_json') {
+            status = await FD.updateCategoryTranslation(id, freshdeskLocale(locale), {name: value});
+        }
+        if (resource.name === 'folderNames_json') {
+            status = await FD.updateFolderTranslation(id, freshdeskLocale(locale), {name: value});
+        }
+        if (status === -1) {
+            process.exitCode = 1;
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Internal function serialize Freshdesk requests to avoid getting rate limited
+ * @param  {object}  json   object with keys corresponding to article ids
+ * @param  {string}  locale language code
+ * @return {Promise}        [description]
+ */
+const serializeFolderSave = async (json, locale) => {
+    // json is a map of articles:
+    // {
+    //   <id>: {
+    //     title: {string: <title-value>},
+    //     description: {string: <description-value>},
+    //     tags: {string: <comma separated strings} // optional
+    //   },
+    //   <id>: {
+    //     title: {string: <title-value>},
+    //     description: {string: <description-value>},
+    //     tags: {string: <comma separated strings} // optional
+    //   }
+    // }
+    for (let [id, value] of Object.entries(json)) {
+        let body = {
+            title: value.title.string,
+            description: value.description.string,
+            status: 2 // set status to published
+        };
+        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'tags')) {
+            let tags = value.tags.string.split(',');
+            let validTags = tags.filter(tag => tag.length < 33);
+            if (validTags.length !== tags.length) {
+                process.stdout.write(`Warning: tags too long in ${id} for ${locale}\n`);
+            }
+            body.tags = validTags;
+        }
+        let status = await FD.updateArticleTranslation(id, freshdeskLocale(locale), body);
+        if (status === -1) {
+            process.exitCode = 1;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Process Transifex resource corresponding to a Knowledge base folder on Freshdesk
+ * @param  {object}  folder Transifex resource json corresponding to a KB folder
+ * @param  {string}  locale locale to pull and submit to Freshdesk
+ * @return {Promise}        [description]
+ */
+exports.localizeFolder = async (folder, locale) => {
+    txPull(TX_PROJECT, folder.slug, locale, {mode: 'default'})
+        .then(data => {
+            serializeFolderSave(data, locale);
+        })
+        .catch((e) => {
+            process.stdout.write(`Error processing ${folder.slug}, ${locale}: ${e.message}\n`);
+            process.exitCode = 1; // not ok
+        });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Save Transifex resource corresponding to a Knowledge base folder locally for debugging
+ * @param  {object}  folder Transifex resource json corresponding to a KB folder
+ * @param  {string}  locale locale to pull and save
+ * @return {Promise}        [description]
+ */
+exports.debugFolder = async (folder, locale) => {
+    mkdirp.sync('tmpDebug');
+    txPull(TX_PROJECT, folder.slug, locale, {mode: 'default'})
+        .then(data => {
+            fsPromises.writeFile(
+                `tmpDebug/${folder.slug}_${locale}.json`,
+                JSON.stringify(data, null, 2)
+            );
+        })
+        .catch((e) => {
+            process.stdout.write(`Error processing ${folder.slug}, ${locale}: ${e.message}\n`);
+            process.exitCode = 1; // not ok
+        });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Process KEYVALUEJSON resources from scratch-help on transifex
+ * Category and Folder names are stored as plain json
+ * @param  {object}  resource Transifex resource json for either CategoryNames or FolderNames
+ * @param  {string}  locale   locale to pull and submit to Freshdesk
+ * @return {Promise}          [description]
+ */
+exports.localizeNames = async (resource, locale) => {
+    txPull(TX_PROJECT, resource.slug, locale, {mode: 'default'})
+        .then(data => {
+            serializeNameSave(data, resource, locale);
+        })
+        .catch((e) => {
+            process.stdout.write(`Error saving ${resource.slug}, ${locale}: ${e.message}\n`);
+            process.exitCode = 1; // not ok
+        });
+};
+
+
+const BATCH_SIZE = 2;
+/*
+ * save resource items in batches to reduce rate limiting errors
+ * @param  {object}  item      Transifex resource json, used for 'slug'
+ * @param  {array}  languages  Array of languages to save
+ * @param  {function}  saveFn  Async function to use to save the item
+ * @return {Promise}
+ */
+exports.saveItem = async (item, languages, saveFn) => {
+    const saveLanguages = languages.filter(l => l !== 'en'); // exclude English from update
+    let batchedPromises = Promise.resolve(); // eslint-disable-line no-undef
+    for (let i = 0; i < saveLanguages.length; i += BATCH_SIZE) {
+        batchedPromises = batchedPromises
+            .then(() => Promise.all( // eslint-disable-line
+                saveLanguages.slice(i, i + BATCH_SIZE).map(l => saveFn(item, l))
+            ))
+            .catch(err => {
+                process.stdout.write(`Error saving item:${err.message}\n${JSON.stringify(item, null, 2)}\n`);
+                process.exitCode = 1; // not ok
+            });
+    }
+};

scratch-l10n/scripts/tw-all-used-ids.json

@@ -0,0 +1,816 @@
+[
+    "boost.color.any",
+    "boost.color.black",
+    "boost.color.blue",
+    "boost.color.green",
+    "boost.color.red",
+    "boost.color.white",
+    "boost.color.yellow",
+    "boost.getMotorPosition",
+    "boost.getTiltAngle",
+    "boost.motorDirection.backward",
+    "boost.motorDirection.forward",
+    "boost.motorDirection.reverse",
+    "boost.motorOff",
+    "boost.motorOn",
+    "boost.motorOnFor",
+    "boost.motorOnForRotation",
+    "boost.seeingColor",
+    "boost.setLightHue",
+    "boost.setMotorDirection",
+    "boost.setMotorPower",
+    "boost.tiltDirection.any",
+    "boost.tiltDirection.down",
+    "boost.tiltDirection.left",
+    "boost.tiltDirection.right",
+    "boost.tiltDirection.up",
+    "boost.whenColor",
+    "boost.whenTilted",
+    "ev3.beepNote",
+    "ev3.buttonPressed",
+    "ev3.getBrightness",
+    "ev3.getDistance",
+    "ev3.getMotorPosition",
+    "ev3.motorSetPower",
+    "ev3.motorTurnClockwise",
+    "ev3.motorTurnCounterClockwise",
+    "ev3.whenBrightnessLessThan",
+    "ev3.whenButtonPressed",
+    "ev3.whenDistanceLessThan",
+    "gdxfor.getAcceleration",
+    "gdxfor.getForce",
+    "gdxfor.getSpin",
+    "gdxfor.getTilt",
+    "gdxfor.isFreeFalling",
+    "gdxfor.isTilted",
+    "gdxfor.pulled",
+    "gdxfor.pushed",
+    "gdxfor.shaken",
+    "gdxfor.startedFalling",
+    "gdxfor.tiltDirectionMenu.any",
+    "gdxfor.tiltDirectionMenu.back",
+    "gdxfor.tiltDirectionMenu.front",
+    "gdxfor.tiltDirectionMenu.left",
+    "gdxfor.tiltDirectionMenu.right",
+    "gdxfor.turnedFaceDown",
+    "gdxfor.turnedFaceUp",
+    "gdxfor.whenForcePushedOrPulled",
+    "gdxfor.whenGesture",
+    "gdxfor.whenTilted",
+    "gui.SpriteInfo.direction",
+    "gui.SpriteInfo.hideSpriteAction",
+    "gui.SpriteInfo.show",
+    "gui.SpriteInfo.showSpriteAction",
+    "gui.SpriteInfo.size",
+    "gui.SpriteInfo.sprite",
+    "gui.SpriteInfo.spritePlaceholder",
+    "gui.alerts.cloudInfo",
+    "gui.alerts.cloudInfoLearnMore",
+    "gui.alerts.createcopysuccess",
+    "gui.alerts.createremixsuccess",
+    "gui.alerts.createsuccess",
+    "gui.alerts.creating",
+    "gui.alerts.creatingCopy",
+    "gui.alerts.creatingError",
+    "gui.alerts.creatingRemix",
+    "gui.alerts.download",
+    "gui.alerts.importing",
+    "gui.alerts.savesuccess",
+    "gui.alerts.saving",
+    "gui.alerts.savingError",
+    "gui.alerts.tryAgain",
+    "gui.authorInfo.byUser",
+    "gui.backpack.costumeLabel",
+    "gui.backpack.emptyBackpack",
+    "gui.backpack.errorBackpack",
+    "gui.backpack.header",
+    "gui.backpack.loadingBackpack",
+    "gui.backpack.more",
+    "gui.backpack.scriptLabel",
+    "gui.backpack.soundLabel",
+    "gui.backpack.spriteLabel",
+    "gui.cards.all-tutorials",
+    "gui.cards.close",
+    "gui.cards.expand",
+    "gui.cards.more-things-to-try",
+    "gui.cards.see-more",
+    "gui.cards.shrink",
+    "gui.comingSoon.message1",
+    "gui.comingSoon.message2",
+    "gui.comingSoon.message3",
+    "gui.connection.auto-scanning.noPeripheralsFound",
+    "gui.connection.auto-scanning.prescan",
+    "gui.connection.auto-scanning.pressbutton",
+    "gui.connection.auto-scanning.start-search",
+    "gui.connection.auto-scanning.try-again",
+    "gui.connection.auto-scanning.updatePeripheralButton",
+    "gui.connection.connect",
+    "gui.connection.connected",
+    "gui.connection.connecting-cancelbutton",
+    "gui.connection.connecting-searchbutton",
+    "gui.connection.disconnect",
+    "gui.connection.error.errorMessage",
+    "gui.connection.error.helpbutton",
+    "gui.connection.error.tryagainbutton",
+    "gui.connection.go-to-editor",
+    "gui.connection.peripheral-name-label",
+    "gui.connection.reconnect",
+    "gui.connection.scanning.instructions",
+    "gui.connection.scanning.lookingforperipherals",
+    "gui.connection.scanning.noPeripheralsFound",
+    "gui.connection.scanning.updatePeripheralButton",
+    "gui.connection.search",
+    "gui.connection.unavailable.enablebluetooth",
+    "gui.connection.unavailable.helpbutton",
+    "gui.connection.unavailable.installscratchlink",
+    "gui.connection.unavailable.tryagainbutton",
+    "gui.connection.updatePeripheral.goBackButton",
+    "gui.connection.updatePeripheral.microBitConnect",
+    "gui.connection.updatePeripheral.pressUpdate",
+    "gui.connection.updatePeripheral.progress",
+    "gui.connection.updatePeripheral.updateAgainButton",
+    "gui.connection.updatePeripheral.updateFailed",
+    "gui.connection.updatePeripheral.updateNowButton",
+    "gui.connection.updatePeripheral.updateSuccessful",
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+    "gui.costumeLibrary.chooseABackdrop",
+    "gui.costumeLibrary.chooseACostume",
+    "gui.costumeTab.addBackdropFromLibrary",
+    "gui.costumeTab.addBlankCostume",
+    "gui.costumeTab.addCostumeFromLibrary",
+    "gui.costumeTab.addFileBackdrop",
+    "gui.costumeTab.addFileCostume",
+    "gui.costumeTab.addSurpriseCostume",
+    "gui.crashMessage.errorNumber",
+    "gui.crashMessage.label",
+    "gui.crashMessage.reload",
+    "gui.customProcedures.addALabel",
+    "gui.customProcedures.addAnInputBoolean",
+    "gui.customProcedures.addAnInputNumberText",
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+    "gui.extension.boost.connectingMessage",
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+    "gui.extension.microbit.connectingMessage",
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+    "gui.extension.music.description",
+    "gui.extension.music.name",
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+    "gui.extension.text2speech.description",
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+    "gui.extension.videosensing.name",
+    "gui.extension.wedo2.connectingMessage",
+    "gui.extension.wedo2.description",
+    "gui.extensionLibrary.chooseAnExtension",
+    "gui.extensionLibrary.collaboration",
+    "gui.extensionLibrary.comingSoon",
+    "gui.extensionLibrary.requires",
+    "gui.gui.addExtension",
+    "gui.gui.backdropsTab",
+    "gui.gui.cloudVariableOption",
+    "gui.gui.codeTab",
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+    "gui.gui.projectTitlePlaceholder",
+    "gui.gui.soundsTab",
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+    "gui.gui.variableScopeOptionAllSprites",
+    "gui.gui.variableScopeOptionSpriteOnly",
+    "gui.library.allTag",
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+    "gui.libraryTags.animals",
+    "gui.libraryTags.animation",
+    "gui.libraryTags.art",
+    "gui.libraryTags.dance",
+    "gui.libraryTags.effects",
+    "gui.libraryTags.fantasy",
+    "gui.libraryTags.fashion",
+    "gui.libraryTags.food",
+    "gui.libraryTags.games",
+    "gui.libraryTags.indoors",
+    "gui.libraryTags.letters",
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+    "gui.libraryTags.music",
+    "gui.libraryTags.notes",
+    "gui.libraryTags.outdoors",
+    "gui.libraryTags.patterns",
+    "gui.libraryTags.people",
+    "gui.libraryTags.percussion",
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+    "gui.libraryTags.sports",
+    "gui.libraryTags.stories",
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+    "gui.libraryTags.wacky",
+    "gui.loader.creating",
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+    "gui.playButton.play",
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+    "gui.recordModal.title",
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+    "music.instrumentTrombone",
+    "music.instrumentVibraphone",
+    "music.instrumentWoodenFlute",
+    "music.midiPlayDrumForBeats",
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+    "tw.spriteSelectorItem.rename",
+    "tw.stageHeader.full",
+    "tw.stereo",
+    "tw.stereoAlert",
+    "tw.studioview.authorAttribution",
+    "tw.studioview.error",
+    "tw.studioview.hoverText",
+    "tw.tooLarge",
+    "tw.twExtension.description",
+    "tw.twExtension.name",
+    "tw.unfavorite",
+    "tw.unknownPlatform.1",
+    "tw.unknownPlatform.2",
+    "tw.unknownPlatform.continue",
+    "tw.unknownPlatform.title",
+    "tw.unshared.2",
+    "tw.unshared.bug",
+    "tw.unshared.cache",
+    "tw.unshared2.1",
+    "tw.usernameModal.help",
+    "tw.usernameModal.help2",
+    "tw.usernameModal.mustChange",
+    "tw.usernameModal.mustChange.resetIt",
+    "tw.usernameModal.new",
+    "tw.usernameModal.reset",
+    "tw.usernameModal.title",
+    "tw.usesCloudVariables",
+    "tw.usesCloudVariables2",
+    "tw.usesCloudVariables2.change",
+    "tw.viewFeaturedProjects",
+    "tw.viewOnScratch",
+    "tw.webglModal.description",
+    "videoSensing.categoryName",
+    "videoSensing.direction",
+    "videoSensing.motion",
+    "videoSensing.off",
+    "videoSensing.on",
+    "videoSensing.onFlipped",
+    "videoSensing.setVideoTransparency",
+    "videoSensing.sprite",
+    "videoSensing.stage",
+    "videoSensing.videoOn",
+    "videoSensing.videoToggle",
+    "videoSensing.whenMotionGreaterThan",
+    "wedo2.getDistance",
+    "wedo2.getTiltAngle",
+    "wedo2.isTilted",
+    "wedo2.motorDirection.backward",
+    "wedo2.motorDirection.forward",
+    "wedo2.motorDirection.reverse",
+    "wedo2.motorId.a",
+    "wedo2.motorId.all",
+    "wedo2.motorId.b",
+    "wedo2.motorId.default",
+    "wedo2.motorOff",
+    "wedo2.motorOn",
+    "wedo2.motorOnFor",
+    "wedo2.playNoteFor",
+    "wedo2.setLightHue",
+    "wedo2.setMotorDirection",
+    "wedo2.startMotorPower",
+    "wedo2.tiltDirection.any",
+    "wedo2.tiltDirection.down",
+    "wedo2.tiltDirection.left",
+    "wedo2.tiltDirection.right",
+    "wedo2.tiltDirection.up",
+    "wedo2.whenDistance",
+    "wedo2.whenTilted"
+]

scratch-l10n/scripts/tw-locales.js

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import vanillaLocales, {localeMap} from '../src/supported-locales';
+
+const SKIP_LOCALES = [
+    // For es-419, we just use normal Spanish
+    'es-419'
+];
+
+/** @type {Record<string, {name: string}>} */
+const supportedLocales = {};
+for (const locale of Object.keys(vanillaLocales).sort()) {
+    if (!SKIP_LOCALES.includes(locale)) {
+        supportedLocales[locale] = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(vanillaLocales[locale]));
+    }
+}
+
+export {
+    supportedLocales,
+    localeMap as scratchToTransifex
+};

scratch-l10n/scripts/tw-pull.js

@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env babel-node
+
+import pathUtil from 'node:path';
+import fs from 'node:fs';
+import {txPull, txGetResourceStatistics} from '../lib/transifex';
+import {supportedLocales, scratchToTransifex} from './tw-locales';
+import {batchMap} from '../lib/batch.js';
+
+/* eslint-disable valid-jsdoc */
+
+const PROJECT = 'turbowarp';
+const CONCURRENCY_LIMIT = 36;
+const SOURCE_LOCALE = 'en';
+
+/**
+ * Not sure how to do this in JSDoc
+ * @template T
+ * @typedef {Record<string, T>} NestedRecord<T>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Normalizes messages in the following ways by converting objects with context to just strings,
+ * and ensures that the order of keys is consistent.
+ * @param {NestedRecord<string | {string: string}>} messages
+ * @returns {NestedRecord<string>}
+ */
+const normalizeMessages = messages => {
+    const result = {};
+    for (const id of Object.keys(messages).sort()) {
+        const string = messages[id];
+        if (typeof string === 'string') {
+            // Don't touch normal strings.
+            result[id] = string;
+        } else if (typeof string.string === 'string') {
+            // Convert structured strings with context to normal strings.
+            result[id] = string.string;
+        } else {
+            // Recurse into nested message objects.
+            result[id] = normalizeMessages(string);
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @param {NestedRecord<string>} localeMessages
+ * @param {NestedRecord<string>} sourceMessages
+ * @returns {NestedRecord<string>}
+ */
+const removeRedundantMessages = (localeMessages, sourceMessages) => {
+    const result = {};
+    for (const [messageId, messageContent] of Object.entries(localeMessages)) {
+        const string = messageContent;
+        const sourceString = sourceMessages[messageId];
+        if (typeof string === 'string') {
+            // Copy strings that do not exactly match their English counterpart.
+            if (string !== sourceString) {
+                result[messageId] = string;
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Recurse into nested objects.
+            const nested = removeRedundantMessages(string, sourceString);
+            if (Object.keys(nested).length !== 0) {
+                result[messageId] = nested;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @param {string[]} locales
+ */
+const createProgressPrinter = locales => {
+    const RESET = `\u001b[0m`;
+    const BOLD = `\u001b[1m`;
+    const GRAY = '\u001b[90m';
+    const BLUE = `\u001b[34m`;
+    const GREEN = '\u001b[32m';
+    const CLEAR = '\u001b[0k';
+
+    const NOT_STARTED = 0;
+    const STARTED = 1;
+    const FINISHED = 2;
+
+    let ended = false;
+    const states = {};
+    for (const locale of locales) {
+        states[locale] = NOT_STARTED;
+    }
+
+    const print = () => {
+        if (ended) {
+            return;
+        }
+        const items = Object.entries(states).map(([locale, state]) => {
+            let color = '??';
+            if (state === NOT_STARTED) color = GRAY;
+            if (state === STARTED) color = BLUE;
+            if (state === FINISHED) color = BOLD + GREEN;
+            return `${color}${locale}${RESET}`;
+        });
+        const total = locales.length;
+        const totalFinished = Object.values(states).filter(i => i === FINISHED).length;
+        process.stdout.write(`\r${CLEAR}${items.join(' ')}${RESET} ${totalFinished}/${total}`);
+    };
+
+    const startedItem = locale => {
+        states[locale] = STARTED;
+        print();
+    };
+
+    const finishedItem = locale => {
+        states[locale] = FINISHED;
+        print();
+    };
+
+    const end = () => {
+        ended = true;
+        // Move cursor to own line.
+        console.log('');
+    };
+
+    print();
+    return {
+        startedItem,
+        finishedItem,
+        end
+    };
+};
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} resource Name of Transifex resource
+ * @param {number} requiredCompletion Number from 0-1 indicating what % of strings must be translated.
+ *  Locales that do not meet this threshold will not be included in the result.
+ * @returns {Promise<Record<string, Record<string, string>>} Does not include source messages.
+ */
+const pullResource = async (resource, requiredCompletion) => {
+    console.log(`Pulling ${resource}...`);
+
+    const transifexStatistics = await txGetResourceStatistics(PROJECT, resource);
+    const totalStrings = transifexStatistics[SOURCE_LOCALE];
+    const threshold = Math.max(1, Math.round(totalStrings * requiredCompletion));
+    const localesToFetch = Object.keys(supportedLocales).filter(locale => {
+        const transifexLocale = scratchToTransifex[locale] || locale;
+        const translatedStrings = transifexStatistics[transifexLocale];
+        if (typeof translatedStrings !== 'number') {
+            throw new Error(`Missing locale ${supportedLocales[locale].name} (${locale}) in ${resource}`);
+        }
+        return translatedStrings >= threshold;
+    });
+
+    const progress = createProgressPrinter(localesToFetch);
+
+    const values = await batchMap(localesToFetch, CONCURRENCY_LIMIT, async locale => {
+        progress.startedItem(locale);
+        try {
+            const messages = await txPull(PROJECT, resource, scratchToTransifex[locale] || locale);
+            progress.finishedItem(locale);
+            return {
+                scratchLocale: locale,
+                messages: normalizeMessages(messages)
+            };
+        } catch (error) {
+            progress.end();
+            // Transifex's error messages sometimes lack enough detail, so we will include
+            // some extra information.
+            console.error(`Could not fetch messages for locale: ${locale}`);
+            throw error;
+        }
+    });
+
+    const sourceMessages = values.find(i => i.scratchLocale === SOURCE_LOCALE).messages;
+    const result = {};
+    for (const pulled of values) {
+        const slimmedMessages = removeRedundantMessages(pulled.messages, sourceMessages);
+        if (Object.keys(slimmedMessages).length > 0) {
+            result[pulled.scratchLocale.toLowerCase()] = slimmedMessages;
+        }
+    }
+
+    progress.end();
+    return result;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} path
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+const isDirectorySync = path => {
+    try {
+        const stat = fs.statSync(path);
+        return stat.isDirectory();
+    } catch (e) {
+        if (e.code === 'ENOENT') {
+            return false;
+        }
+        throw e;
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @param {NestedRecord<string, string>} messages
+ * @returns {Record<string, string>}
+ */
+const generateSmallestLocaleNamesMap = messages => {
+    const lowercaseSupportedLocales = {};
+    for (const [locale, value] of Object.entries(supportedLocales)) {
+        lowercaseSupportedLocales[locale.toLowerCase()] = value;
+    }
+    const result = {
+        [SOURCE_LOCALE]: supportedLocales[SOURCE_LOCALE].name
+    };
+    for (const locale of Object.keys(messages)) {
+        result[locale] = lowercaseSupportedLocales[locale].name;
+    }
+    return result;
+};
+
+const pullGui = async () => {
+    const scratchGui = pathUtil.join(__dirname, '../../scratch-gui');
+    if (!isDirectorySync(scratchGui)) {
+        console.log('Skipping editor; could not find scratch-gui.');
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const guiTranslationsFile = pathUtil.join(scratchGui, 'src/lib/tw-translations/generated-translations.json');
+    // These translations build upon scratch-l10n, so the threshold should be 0.
+    const guiTranslations = await pullResource('guijson', 0);
+    fs.writeFileSync(guiTranslationsFile, JSON.stringify(guiTranslations, null, 4));
+
+    const addonsTranslationsFile = pathUtil.join(scratchGui, 'src/addons/settings/translations.json');
+    const addonsTranslations = await pullResource('addonsjson', 0.7);
+    fs.writeFileSync(addonsTranslationsFile, JSON.stringify(addonsTranslations, null, 4));
+};
+
+const pullPackager = async () => {
+    const packager = pathUtil.join(__dirname, '../../packager');
+    if (!isDirectorySync(packager)) {
+        console.log('Skipping packager; could not find packager.');
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const translations = await pullResource('packagerjson', 0.5);
+
+    // Delete old JSON files. Some languages that were previously supported might no longer be.
+    const localesDirectory = pathUtil.join(packager, 'src', 'locales');
+    for (const name of fs.readdirSync(localesDirectory)) {
+        if (name.endsWith('.json') && name !== 'en.json') {
+            fs.unlinkSync(pathUtil.join(localesDirectory, name));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Write the individual JSON files
+    for (const [locale, messages] of Object.entries(translations)) {
+        const path = pathUtil.join(localesDirectory, `${locale}.json`);
+        fs.writeFileSync(path, JSON.stringify(messages, null, 4));
+    }
+
+    // Write the index.js manifest
+    const index = pathUtil.join(localesDirectory, 'index.js');
+    const oldContent = fs.readFileSync(index, 'utf-8');
+    const newContent = oldContent.replace(/\/\*===\*\/[\s\S]+\/\*===\*\//m, `/*===*/\n${
+        Object.keys(translations)
+            .map(i => `  ${JSON.stringify(i)}: () => require(${JSON.stringify(`./${i}.json`)})`)
+            .join(',\n')
+    },\n  /*===*/`);
+    fs.writeFileSync(index, newContent);
+
+    // Write locale-names.json
+    const localeNames = generateSmallestLocaleNamesMap(translations);
+    fs.writeFileSync(pathUtil.join(localesDirectory, 'locale-names.json'), JSON.stringify(localeNames, null, 4));
+};
+
+const pullDesktop = async () => {
+    const desktop = pathUtil.join(__dirname, '../../turbowarp-desktop');
+    if (!isDirectorySync(desktop)) {
+        console.log('Skipping desktop; could not find turbowarp-desktop.');
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Desktop app translations
+    const desktopTranslations = await pullResource('desktopnewjson', 0.5);
+    fs.writeFileSync(
+        pathUtil.join(desktop, 'src-main/l10n/generated-translations.json'),
+        JSON.stringify(desktopTranslations, null, 4)
+    );
+
+    // Website translations
+    const webTranslations = await pullResource('desktopturbowarporg-redesign', 0.7);
+    const localeNames = generateSmallestLocaleNamesMap(webTranslations);
+    const indexHtml = pathUtil.join(desktop, 'docs', 'index.html');
+    const oldContent = fs.readFileSync(indexHtml, 'utf-8');
+    const newContent = oldContent
+        .replace(
+            / *<!-- L10N_START -->[\s\S]*?<!-- L10N_END -->/gm,
+            [
+                '<!-- L10N_START -->',
+                ...Object.entries(webTranslations).map(([locale, data]) => (
+                    `<script type="generated-translations" data-locale="${locale}">${JSON.stringify(data)}</script>`
+                )),
+                '<!-- L10N_END -->'
+            ].map(line => `    ${line}`).join('\n')
+        )
+        .replace(
+            /<script type="generated-locale-names">[\s\S]+?<\/script>/,
+            `<script type="generated-locale-names">${JSON.stringify(localeNames)}</script>`
+        );
+    fs.writeFileSync(indexHtml, newContent);
+
+    const storeListings = await pullResource('store-listingsyaml', 1);
+    fs.writeFileSync(
+        pathUtil.join(desktop, 'store-listings/imported.json'),
+        JSON.stringify(storeListings, null, 4)
+    );
+};
+
+const pullExtensions = async () => {
+    const extensions = pathUtil.join(__dirname, '../../extensions');
+    if (!isDirectorySync(extensions)) {
+        console.log('Skipping extensions; could not find extensions.');
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const metadataTranslations = await pullResource('extension-metadata', 0);
+    fs.writeFileSync(
+        pathUtil.join(extensions, 'translations/extension-metadata.json'),
+        JSON.stringify(metadataTranslations, null, 4)
+    );
+
+    const runtimeTranslations = await pullResource('extensions', 0);
+    fs.writeFileSync(
+        pathUtil.join(extensions, 'translations/extension-runtime.json'),
+        JSON.stringify(runtimeTranslations, null, 4)
+    );
+};
+
+const pullEverything = async () => {
+    try {
+        console.log('DOWNLOADING from Transifex...');
+        await pullGui();
+        await pullPackager();
+        await pullDesktop();
+        await pullExtensions();
+    } catch (e) {
+        console.error(e);
+        process.exit(1);
+    }
+};
+
+pullEverything();

scratch-l10n/scripts/tw-push.js

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env babel-node
+
+import fs from 'node:fs';
+import pathUtil from 'node:path';
+import {txPush} from '../lib/transifex.js';
+
+/* eslint-disable valid-jsdoc */
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} path
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+const isDirectorySync = (path) => {
+    try {
+        const stat = fs.statSync(path);
+        return stat.isDirectory();
+    } catch (e) {
+        if (e.code === 'ENOENT') {
+            return false;
+        }
+        throw e;
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} directory
+ * @returns {string[]}
+ */
+const recursiveReadDirectory = (directory) => {
+    const children = fs.readdirSync(directory);
+    const result = [];
+    for (const name of children) {
+        const path = pathUtil.join(directory, name);
+        if (isDirectorySync(path)) {
+            const directoryChildren = recursiveReadDirectory(path);
+            for (const childName of directoryChildren) {
+                result.push(pathUtil.join(name, childName));
+            }
+        } else {
+            result.push(name);
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+};
+
+const scratchGui = pathUtil.join(__dirname, '..', '..', 'scratch-gui');
+const scratchGuiTranslations = pathUtil.join(scratchGui, 'translations');
+const scratchVm = pathUtil.join(__dirname, '..', '..', 'scratch-vm');
+if (!isDirectorySync(scratchGui)) throw new Error('Cannot find scratch-gui');
+if (!isDirectorySync(scratchGuiTranslations)) throw new Error('Cannot find scratch-gui translations');
+if (!isDirectorySync(scratchVm)) throw new Error('Cannot find scratch-vm');
+
+/**
+ * @typedef StructuredMessage
+ * @property {string} string
+ * @property {string} context
+ * @property {string} developer_comment
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} sourceString
+ * @param {string} [description] Defaults to empty string.
+ * @returns {StructuredMessage}
+ */
+const makeStructuredMessage = (sourceString, description) => {
+    description = description || '';
+    return {
+        string: sourceString,
+        // We set context because that's what we used to use in the past and removing it now would reset translations.
+        // However, we also set developer_comment because Transifex makes this string much more visible in the
+        // interface than the context.
+        context: description,
+        developer_comment: description
+    };
+};
+
+/**
+ * @returns {{messages: Record<string, StructuredMessage>, allUsedIds: string[]}}
+ */
+const parseSourceGuiMessages = () => {
+    const reactTranslationFiles = recursiveReadDirectory(scratchGuiTranslations)
+        .filter((file) => file.endsWith('.json'));
+
+    const messages = {};
+    for (const file of reactTranslationFiles) {
+        const path = pathUtil.join(scratchGuiTranslations, file);
+        const json = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(path, 'utf-8'));
+        for (const {id, defaultMessage, description} of json) {
+            messages[id] = makeStructuredMessage(defaultMessage, description);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return messages;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Parse an object like:
+ * {
+ *   id: 'something',
+ *   description: "something else"
+ * }
+ * @param {string} object
+ * @returns {unknown}
+ */
+const parseJsonLike = object => {
+    const result = {};
+    // Remove comments
+    object = object.replace(/\/\/[^\n]*/g, '');
+    for (const lineMatch of object.matchAll(/(\w+):[\s\S]*?(?:'|")(.*)(?:'|")/gm)) {
+        const [_, id, value] = lineMatch;
+        result[id] = value;
+    }
+    return result;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @returns {Record<string, StructuredMessage>}
+ */
+const parseSourceVmMessages = () => {
+    // Parse all calls to formatMessage()
+    const messages = {};
+    const extensionDirectory = pathUtil.join(scratchVm, 'src');
+    for (const relativePath of recursiveReadDirectory(extensionDirectory)) {
+        const path = pathUtil.join(extensionDirectory, relativePath);
+        const contents = fs.readFileSync(path, 'utf-8');
+        for (const formatMatch of contents.matchAll(/(?:formatMessage|maybeFormatMessage)\({([\s\S]+?)}/g)) {
+            const object = parseJsonLike(formatMatch[1]);
+            if (typeof object.id !== 'string' || typeof object.default !== 'string') {
+                throw new Error('Error parsing formatMessage() string; missing either id or default.');
+            }
+            messages[object.id] = makeStructuredMessage(object.default, object.description);
+        }
+    }
+    return messages;
+};
+
+const guiMessages = parseSourceGuiMessages();
+const vmMessages = parseSourceVmMessages();
+const allMessages = {
+    ...guiMessages,
+    ...vmMessages
+};
+
+const allMessageIds = Object.keys(allMessages).sort();
+fs.writeFileSync(
+    pathUtil.join(__dirname, 'tw-all-used-ids.json'),
+    JSON.stringify(allMessageIds, null, 4)
+);
+
+const twMessages = {};
+for (const [id, message] of Object.entries(allMessages)) {
+    if (id.startsWith('tw.')) {
+        twMessages[id] = message;
+    }
+}
+
+const push = async () => {
+    try {
+        console.log('UPLOADING to Transifex...');
+        const PROJECT = 'turbowarp';
+        const RESOURCE = 'guijson';
+        await txPush(PROJECT, RESOURCE, twMessages);
+    } catch (error) {
+        console.error(error);
+        process.exit(1);
+    }
+};
+
+push();

scratch-l10n/scripts/tx-pull-editor.js

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env babel-node
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview
+ * Script to pull translations from transifex and generate the editor-msgs file.
+ * Expects that the project and resource have already been defined in Transifex, and that
+ * the person running the script has the the TX_TOKEN environment variable set to an api
+ * token that has developer access.
+ */
+
+const args = process.argv.slice(2);
+
+const usage = `
+ Pull supported language translations from Transifex. Usage:
+   node tx-pull-editor.js tx-project tx-resource path
+     tx-project: project on Transifex (e.g., scratch-editor)
+     tx-resource: resource within the project (e.g., interface)
+     path: where to put the downloaded json files
+   NOTE: TX_TOKEN environment variable needs to be set with a Transifex API token. See
+   the Localization page on the GUI wiki for information about setting up Transifex.
+ `;
+
+// Fail immediately if the TX_TOKEN is not defined
+if (!process.env.TX_TOKEN || args.length < 3) {
+    process.stdout.write(usage);
+    process.exit(1);
+}
+
+import fs from 'fs';
+import path from 'path';
+import {txPull} from '../lib/transifex.js';
+import {validateTranslations} from '../lib/validate.js';
+import locales, {localeMap} from '../src/supported-locales.js';
+import {batchMap} from '../lib/batch.js';
+
+// Globals
+const PROJECT = args[0];
+const RESOURCE = args[1];
+const OUTPUT_DIR = path.resolve(args[2]);
+const MODE = 'reviewed';
+const CONCURRENCY_LIMIT = 36;
+
+const getLocaleData = async function (locale) {
+    let txLocale = localeMap[locale] || locale;
+    const data = await txPull(PROJECT, RESOURCE, txLocale, MODE);
+    return {
+        locale: locale,
+        translations: data
+    };
+};
+
+const pullTranslations = async function () {
+    try {
+        const values = await batchMap(Object.keys(locales), CONCURRENCY_LIMIT, getLocaleData);
+        const source = values.find(elt => elt.locale === 'en').translations;
+        values.forEach(function (translation) {
+            validateTranslations({locale: translation.locale, translations: translation.translations}, source);
+            // if translation has message & description, we only want the message
+            let txs = {};
+            for (const key of Object.keys(translation.translations)) {
+                const tx = translation.translations[key];
+                if (tx.message) {
+                    txs[key] = tx.message;
+                } else {
+                    txs[key] = tx;
+                }
+            }
+            const file = JSON.stringify(txs, null, 4);
+            fs.writeFileSync(
+                `${OUTPUT_DIR}/${translation.locale}.json`,
+                file
+            );
+        });
+    } catch (err) {
+        process.stdout.write(err.message);
+        process.exit(1);
+    }
+};
+
+pullTranslations();

scratch-l10n/scripts/tx-pull-help-articles.js

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview
+ * Script to pull scratch-help translations from transifex and push to FreshDesk.
+ */
+
+const args = process.argv.slice(2);
+const usage = `
+ Pull knowledge base articles from transifex and push to FreshDesk. Usage:
+   node tx-pull-help.js
+   NOTE:
+   FRESHDESK_TOKEN environment variable needs to be set to a FreshDesk API key with
+   access to the Knowledge Base.
+   TX_TOKEN environment variable needs to be set with a Transifex API token. See
+   the Localization page on the GUI wiki for information about setting up Transifex.
+ `;
+// Fail immediately if the API tokens are not defined, or there any argument
+if (!process.env.TX_TOKEN || !process.env.FRESHDESK_TOKEN || args.length > 0) {
+    process.stdout.write(usage);
+    process.exit(1);
+}
+
+const {getInputs, saveItem, localizeFolder} = require('./help-utils.js');
+
+getInputs()
+    .then(([languages, folders, names]) => { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars
+        process.stdout.write('Processing articles pulled from Transifex\n');
+        return folders.map(item => saveItem(item, languages, localizeFolder));
+    })
+    .catch((e) => {
+        process.stdout.write(`Error: ${e.message}\n`);
+        process.exitCode = 1; // not ok
+    });

scratch-l10n/scripts/tx-pull-help-names.js

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview
+ * Script to pull scratch-help translations from transifex and push to FreshDesk.
+ */
+
+const args = process.argv.slice(2);
+
+const usage = `
+ Pull knowledge base category and folder names from transifex and push to FreshDesk. Usage:
+   node tx-pull-help.js
+   NOTE:
+   FRESHDESK_TOKEN environment variable needs to be set to a FreshDesk API key with
+   access to the Knowledge Base.
+   TX_TOKEN environment variable needs to be set with a Transifex API token. See
+   the Localization page on the GUI wiki for information about setting up Transifex.
+ `;
+// Fail immediately if the API tokens are not defined, or there any argument
+if (!process.env.TX_TOKEN || !process.env.FRESHDESK_TOKEN || args.length > 0) {
+    process.stdout.write(usage);
+    process.exit(1);
+}
+
+const {getInputs, saveItem, localizeNames} = require('./help-utils.js');
+
+getInputs()
+    .then(([languages, folders, names]) => { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars
+        process.stdout.write('Process Category and Folder Names pulled from Transifex\n');
+        return names.map(item => saveItem(item, languages, localizeNames));
+    })
+    .catch((e) => {
+        process.stdout.write(`Error: ${e.message}\n`);
+        process.exitCode = 1; // not ok
+    });

scratch-l10n/scripts/tx-pull-locale-articles.js

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview
+ * Script to pull scratch-help translations from transifex and push to FreshDesk.
+ */
+
+const args = process.argv.slice(2);
+const usage = `
+ Pull knowledge base articles from transifexfor debugging translation errors. Usage:
+   node tx-pull-locale-articles.js -d locale-code
+   NOTE:
+   FRESHDESK_TOKEN environment variable needs to be set to a FreshDesk API key with
+   access to the Knowledge Base.
+   TX_TOKEN environment variable needs to be set with a Transifex API token. See
+   the Localization page on the GUI wiki for information about setting up Transifex.
+ `;
+// Fail immediately if the API tokens are not defined, or missing argument
+if (!process.env.TX_TOKEN || !process.env.FRESHDESK_TOKEN || args.length === 0) {
+    process.stdout.write(usage);
+    process.exit(1);
+}
+
+const {getInputs, saveItem, localizeFolder, debugFolder} = require('./help-utils.js');
+
+let locale = args[0];
+let debug = false;
+if (locale === '-d') {
+    debug = true;
+    locale = args[1];
+}
+const saveFn = debug ? debugFolder : localizeFolder;
+
+getInputs()
+    .then(([languages, folders, names]) => { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars
+        process.stdout.write('Processing articles pulled from Transifex\n');
+        return folders.map(item => saveItem(item, [locale], saveFn));
+    })
+    .catch((e) => {
+        process.stdout.write(`Error: ${e.message}\n`);
+        process.exitCode = 1; // not ok
+    });

scratch-l10n/scripts/tx-pull-www.js

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env babel-node
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview
+ * Script to pull www translations from transifex for all resources.
+ * Expects that the project and that the person running the script
+ * has the the TX_TOKEN environment variable set to an api
+ * token that has developer access.
+ */
+
+const args = process.argv.slice(2);
+
+const usage = `
+ Pull supported language translations from Transifex for the 'scratch-website' project.
+ It will query transifex for the list of resources.
+ Usage:
+   node tx-pull-www.js path [lang]
+     path: root for the translated resources.
+           Each resource will be a subdirectory containing language json files.
+     lang: optional language code - will only pull resources for that language
+   NOTE: TX_TOKEN environment variable needs to be set with a Transifex API token. 
+   See the Localization page on the GUI wiki for information about setting up Transifex.
+ `;
+// Fail immediately if the TX_TOKEN is not defined
+if (!process.env.TX_TOKEN || args.length < 1) {
+    process.stdout.write(usage);
+    process.exit(1);
+}
+
+import fs from 'fs';
+import path from 'path';
+import mkdirp from 'mkdirp';
+import {txPull, txResources} from '../lib/transifex.js';
+import locales, {localeMap} from '../src/supported-locales.js';
+import {batchMap} from '../lib/batch.js';
+
+// Globals
+const PROJECT = 'scratch-website';
+const OUTPUT_DIR = path.resolve(args[0]);
+// const MODE = {mode: 'reviewed'}; // default is everything for www
+const CONCURRENCY_LIMIT = 36;
+
+const lang = args.length === 2 ? args[1] : '';
+
+const getLocaleData = async function (item) {
+    const locale = item.locale;
+    const resource = item.resource;
+    let txLocale = localeMap[locale] || locale;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+        try {
+            const translations = await txPull(PROJECT, resource, txLocale);
+            
+            const txOutdir = `${OUTPUT_DIR}/${PROJECT}.${resource}`;
+            mkdirp.sync(txOutdir);
+            const fileName = `${txOutdir}/${locale}.json`;
+            fs.writeFileSync(
+                fileName,
+                JSON.stringify(translations, null, 4)
+            );
+            return {
+                resource: resource,
+                locale: locale,
+                file: fileName
+            };
+        } catch (e) {
+            process.stdout.write(`got ${e.message}, retrying after ${i + 1} attempt(s)\n`);
+        }
+    }
+    throw Error('failed to pull translations after 5 retries');
+};
+
+const expandResourceFiles = (resources) => {
+    let items = [];
+    for (let resource of resources) {
+        if (lang) {
+            items.push({resource: resource, locale: lang});
+        } else {
+            for (let locale of Object.keys(locales)) {
+                items.push({resource: resource, locale: locale});
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return items;
+};
+
+const pullTranslations = async function () {
+    const resources = await txResources('scratch-website');
+    const allFiles = expandResourceFiles(resources);
+
+    try {
+        await batchMap(allFiles, CONCURRENCY_LIMIT, getLocaleData);
+    } catch (err) {
+        console.error(err); // eslint-disable-line no-console
+        process.exit(1);
+    }
+};
+
+pullTranslations();

scratch-l10n/scripts/tx-push-help.js

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env babel-node
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview
+ * Script get Knowledge base articles from Freshdesk and push them to transifex.
+ */
+
+const args = process.argv.slice(2);
+const {txPush, txCreateResource} = require('../lib/transifex.js');
+
+const usage = `
+ Pull knowledge base articles from Freshdesk and push to scratch-help project on transifex. Usage:
+   node tx-push-help.js
+   NOTE:
+   FRESHDESK_TOKEN environment variable needs to be set to a FreshDesk API key with
+   access to the Knowledge Base.
+   TX_TOKEN environment variable needs to be set with a Transifex API token. See
+   the Localization page on the GUI wiki for information about setting up Transifex.
+ `;
+// Fail immediately if the API tokens are not defined, or there any argument
+if (!process.env.TX_TOKEN || !process.env.FRESHDESK_TOKEN || args.length > 0) {
+    process.stdout.write(usage);
+    process.exit(1);
+}
+
+import FreshdeskApi from './freshdesk-api.js';
+
+const FD = new FreshdeskApi('https://mitscratch.freshdesk.com', process.env.FRESHDESK_TOKEN);
+const TX_PROJECT = 'scratch-help';
+
+const categoryNames = {};
+const folderNames = {};
+
+/**
+ * Generate a transifex id from the name and id field of an objects. Remove spaces and '/'
+ * from the name and append '.<id>' Transifex ids (slugs) have a max length of 50. Use at most
+ * 30 characters of the name to allow for Freshdesk id, and a suffix like '_json'
+ * @param  {object} item data from Freshdesk that includes the name and id of a category or folder
+ * @return {string}      generated transifex id
+ */
+const makeTxId = item => {
+    return `${item.name.replace(/[ /]/g, '').slice(0, 30)}_${item.id}`;
+};
+
+const txPushResource = async (name, articles, type) => {
+    const resourceData = {
+        slug: name,
+        name: name,
+        i18n_type: type,
+        priority: 0, // default to normal priority
+        content: articles
+    };
+
+    try {
+        await txPush(TX_PROJECT, name, articles);
+    } catch (err) {
+        if (err.statusCode !== 404) {
+            process.stdout.write(`Transifex Error: ${err.message}\n`);
+            process.stdout.write(
+                `Transifex Error ${err.response.statusCode.toString()}: ${err.response.body}\n`);
+            process.exitCode = 1;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // file not found - create it, but also give message
+        process.stdout.write(`Transifex Resource not found, creating: ${name}\n`);
+        if (err.statusCode === 404) {
+            await txCreateResource(TX_PROJECT, resourceData);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * get a flattened list of folders
+ * @param  {category}  categories array of categories the folders belong to
+ * @return {Promise}            flattened list of folders
+ */
+const getFolders = async (categories) => {
+    let categoryFolders = await Promise.all( // eslint-disable-line no-undef
+        categories.map(category => FD.listFolders(category))
+    );
+    return [].concat(...categoryFolders);
+};
+
+const PUBLISHED = 2; // in Freshdesk, draft status = 1, and published = 2
+const saveArticles = (folder) => {
+    FD.listArticles(folder)
+        .then(json => {
+            let txArticles = json.reduce((strings, current) => {
+                if (current.status === PUBLISHED) {
+                    strings[`${current.id}`] = {
+                        title: {
+                            string: current.title
+                        },
+                        description: {
+                            string: current.description
+                        }
+                    };
+                    if (current.tags.length > 0) {
+                        strings[`${current.id}`].tags = {string: current.tags.toString()};
+                    }
+                }
+                return strings;
+            }, {});
+            process.stdout.write(`Push ${folder.name} articles to Transifex\n`);
+            txPushResource(`${makeTxId(folder)}_json`, txArticles, 'STRUCTURED_JSON');
+        });
+};
+const getArticles = async (folders) => {
+    return Promise.all(folders.map(folder => saveArticles(folder))); // eslint-disable-line no-undef
+};
+
+const syncSources = async () => {
+    let status = 0;
+    status = await FD.listCategories()
+        .then(json => {
+            // save category names for translation
+            for (let cat of json.values()) {
+                categoryNames[`${makeTxId(cat)}`] = cat.name;
+            }
+            return json;
+        })
+        .then(getFolders)
+        .then(data => {
+            data.forEach(item => {
+                folderNames[`${makeTxId(item)}`] = item.name;
+            });
+            process.stdout.write('Push category and folder names to Transifex\n');
+            txPushResource('categoryNames_json', categoryNames, 'KEYVALUEJSON');
+            txPushResource('folderNames_json', folderNames, 'KEYVALUEJSON');
+            return data;
+        })
+        .then(getArticles)
+        .catch((e) => {
+            process.stdout.write(`Error:${e.message}\n`);
+            return 1;
+        });
+    process.exitCode = status;
+};
+
+syncSources();

scratch-l10n/scripts/tx-push-src.js

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview
+ * Script to upload a source en.json file to a particular transifex project resource.
+ * Expects that the project and resource have already been defined in Transifex, and that
+ * the person running the script has the the TX_TOKEN environment variable set to an api
+ * token that has developer access.
+ */
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+const {txPush, txCreateResource} = require('../lib/transifex.js');
+
+const args = process.argv.slice(2);
+
+const usage = `
+Push English source strings to Transifex. Usage:
+  node tx-push-src.js tx-project tx-resource english-json-file
+      tx-project:        the project slug on transifex
+      tx-resource:       the resource slug on transifex
+      english-json-file: path to the en.json source
+  NOTE: TX_TOKEN environment variable needs to be set with a Transifex API token. See
+  the Localization page on the GUI wiki for information about setting up Transifex.
+`;
+
+// Exit if missing arguments or TX_TOKEN
+if (args.length < 3 || !process.env.TX_TOKEN) {
+    process.stdout.write(usage);
+    process.exit(1);
+}
+
+// Globals
+const PROJECT = args[0];
+const RESOURCE = args[1];
+
+let en = fs.readFileSync(path.resolve(args[2]));
+en = JSON.parse(en);
+
+// get the correct resource file type based on transifex project/repo and resource
+const getResourceType = (project, resource) => {
+    if (project === 'scratch-website') {
+        // all the resources are KEYVALUEJSON
+        return 'KEYVALUEJSON';
+    }
+    if (project === 'scratch-legacy') {
+        // all the resources are po files
+        return 'PO';
+    }
+    if (project === 'scratch-editor') {
+        if (resource === 'blocks') {
+            return 'KEYVALUEJSON';
+        }
+        // everything else is CHROME I18N JSON
+        return 'CHROME';
+    }
+    if (project === 'scratch-videos') {
+        // all the resources are srt files
+        return 'SRT';
+    }
+    if (project === 'scratch-android') {
+        // all the resources are android xml files
+        return 'ANDROID';
+    }
+    if (project === 'scratch-resources') {
+        // all the resources are Chrome format json files
+        return 'CHROME';
+    }
+    process.stdout.write(`Error - Unknown resource type for:\n`);
+    process.stdout.write(`  Project: ${project}, resource: ${resource}\n`);
+    process.exit(1);
+};
+
+// update Transifex with English source
+const pushSource = async function () {
+    try {
+        await txPush(PROJECT, RESOURCE, en);
+    } catch (err) {
+        if (err.statusCode !== 404) {
+            process.stdout.write(`Transifex Error: ${err.message}\n`);
+            process.stdout.write(
+                `Transifex Error ${err.response.statusCode.toString()}: ${err.response.body}\n`);
+            process.exitCode = 1;
+            return;
+        }
+        // file not found - create it, but also give message
+        process.stdout.write(`Transifex Resource not found, creating: ${RESOURCE}\n`);
+        const resourceData = {
+            slug: RESOURCE,
+            name: RESOURCE,
+            priority: 0, // default to normal priority
+            i18nType: getResourceType(PROJECT, RESOURCE),
+            content: en
+        };
+        await txCreateResource(PROJECT, resourceData);
+        process.exitCode = 0;
+    }
+};
+
+pushSource();

scratch-l10n/scripts/update-translations.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# script for syncing translations from transifex and comitting the changes.
+
+# exit script if any command returns a non-zero return code:
+set -ev
+
+npm run pull:editor
+npm run pull:www
+npm run test 
+
+# commit any updates and push. Build and release should happen on the push not here.
+git add .
+git commit -m "fix: pull new editor translations from Transifex"
+git push https://${GITHUB_TOKEN}@github.com/${TRAVIS_REPO_SLUG}.git HEAD:master

scratch-l10n/scripts/validate-extension-inputs.js

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env babel-node
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview
+ * Script to validate extension block input placeholders
+ */
+
+import fs from 'fs';
+import path from 'path';
+import async from 'async';
+import assert from 'assert';
+import locales from '../src/supported-locales.js';
+
+// Globals
+const JSON_DIR = path.join(process.cwd(), '/editor/extensions');
+const source = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(`${JSON_DIR}/en.json`));
+
+// Matches everything inside brackets, and the brackets themselves.
+// e.g. matches '[MOTOR_ID]', '[POWER]' from 'altera a potência de [MOTOR_ID] para [POWER]'
+const blockInputRegex = /\[.+?\]/g;
+
+let numTotalErrors = 0;
+
+const validateExtensionInputs = (translationData, locale) => {
+    let numLocaleErrors = 0;
+    for (const block of Object.keys(translationData)) {
+        const englishBlockInputs = source[block].match(blockInputRegex);
+
+        if (!englishBlockInputs) continue;
+
+        // If null (meaning no matches), that means that English block inputs exist but translated ones don't.
+        // Coerce it to an empty array so that the assertion below fails, instead of getting the less-helpful error
+        // that we can't call Array.includes on null.
+        const translatedBlockInputs = translationData[block].match(blockInputRegex) || [];
+
+        for (const input of englishBlockInputs) {
+            // Currently there are enough errors here that it would be tedious to fix an error, rerun this tool
+            // to find the next error, and repeat. So, catch the assertion error and add to the number of total errors.
+            // This allows all errors to be displayed when the command is run, rather than just the first encountered.
+            try {
+                assert(
+                    translatedBlockInputs.includes(input),
+
+                    `Block '${block}' in locale '${locale}' does not include input ${input}:\n` +
+                    translationData[block]
+                );
+            } catch (err) {
+                numLocaleErrors++;
+                console.error(err.message + '\n'); // eslint-disable-line no-console
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (numLocaleErrors > 0) {
+        numTotalErrors += numLocaleErrors;
+        throw new Error(`${numLocaleErrors} total error(s) for locale '${locale}'`);
+    }
+};
+
+const validate = (locale, callback) => {
+    fs.readFile(`${JSON_DIR}/${locale}.json`, function (err, data) {
+        if (err) callback(err);
+        // let this throw an error if invalid json
+        data = JSON.parse(data);
+
+        try {
+            validateExtensionInputs(data, locale);
+        } catch (error) {
+            console.error(error.message + '\n'); // eslint-disable-line no-console
+        }
+
+        callback();
+    });
+};
+
+async.each(Object.keys(locales), validate, function (err) {
+    if (err) {
+        console.error(err); // eslint-disable-line no-console
+        process.exit(1);
+    }
+
+    if (numTotalErrors > 0) {
+        console.error(`${numTotalErrors} total extension input error(s)`); // eslint-disable-line no-console
+        process.exit(1);
+    }
+});

scratch-l10n/scripts/validate-translations.js

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env babel-node
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview
+ * Script to validate the translation json
+ */
+
+const args = process.argv.slice(2);
+const usage = `
+ Validate translation json. Usage:
+   babel-node validate_translations.js path
+     path: where to find the downloaded json files
+ `;
+// Fail immediately if the TX_TOKEN is not defined
+if (args.length < 1) {
+    process.stdout.write(usage);
+    process.exit(1);
+}
+import fs from 'fs';
+import path from 'path';
+import async from 'async';
+import {validateTranslations} from '../lib/validate.js';
+import locales from '../src/supported-locales.js';
+
+// Globals
+const JSON_DIR = path.resolve(args[0]);
+
+const source = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(`${JSON_DIR}/en.json`));
+
+const validate = (locale, callback) => {
+    fs.readFile(`${JSON_DIR}/${locale}.json`, function (err, data) {
+        if (err) callback(err);
+        // let this throw an error if invalid json
+        data = JSON.parse(data);
+        const translations = {
+            locale: locale,
+            translations: data
+        };
+        validateTranslations(translations, source);
+    });
+};
+
+async.each(Object.keys(locales), validate, function (err) {
+    if (err) {
+        console.error(err); // eslint-disable-line no-console
+        process.exit(1);
+    }
+});

scratch-l10n/scripts/validate-www.js

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env babel-node
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview
+ * Script to validate the www translation json
+ */
+
+const args = process.argv.slice(2);
+const usage = `
+ Validate translation json. Usage:
+   babel-node validate_www.js path
+     path: root folder for all the www resource folders
+ `;
+if (args.length < 1) {
+    process.stdout.write(usage);
+    process.exit(1);
+}
+import fs from 'fs';
+import path from 'path';
+import glob from 'glob';
+import async from 'async';
+import {validateTranslations} from '../lib/validate.js';
+import locales from '../src/supported-locales.js';
+
+// Globals
+const WWW_DIR = path.resolve(args[0]);
+const RESOURCES = glob.sync(`${path.resolve(WWW_DIR)}/*`);
+
+const validate = (localeData, callback) => {
+    fs.readFile(localeData.localeFileName, function (err, data) {
+        if (err) callback(err);
+        // let this throw an error if invalid json
+        data = JSON.parse(data);
+        const translations = {
+            locale: localeData.locale,
+            translations: data
+        };
+        validateTranslations(translations, localeData.sourceData);
+    });
+};
+
+const validateResource = (resource, callback) => {
+    const source = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(`${resource}/en.json`));
+    const allLocales = Object.keys(locales).map(loc => {
+        return {
+            locale: loc,
+            localeFileName: `${resource}/${loc}.json`,
+            sourceData: source
+        };
+    });
+    async.each(allLocales, validate, function (err) {
+        if (err) {
+            callback(err);
+        }
+    });
+};
+
+async.each(RESOURCES, validateResource, function (err) {
+    if (err) {
+        console.error(err); // eslint-disable-line no-console
+        process.exit(1);
+    }
+});